Retarded Potentials

#Physics
Potentials for moving charges or currents (information doesn't travel instantaneously, so we use retarded time)

Topics

• Jefimenko's Equations
• Lienard-Wiechert Potentials

$\displaystyle V(\vec{r},t)=k\int \frac{\rho(\vec{r}',t_{r})}{\mathscr{r}} , \mathrm{d}\tau'$

• $\displaystyle t_{r}$ is the retarded time

$\displaystyle \vec{A}(\vec{r},t)=\frac{{\mu}{0}}{4\pi}\int \frac{\vec{J}(\vec{r}',t{r})}{\mathscr{r}} , \mathrm{d}\tau'$