Vietnamese Consonants

#Vietnamese

• Initial consonants
  • m = m
  • n = n
  • gh = ghe
    • only combines with front vowels
      • i, ê, e
  • g = g
    • combines with every other vowel
  • gi = y in Southern, z in Northern
    • gia -> za
  • đ = d
  • d = y in Southern, z in Northern
  • x = s
  • s = sh
• Final consonants
  • m = m
  • n = n
    • If un, on, or ôn
      • Close mouth at the end (sounds like m)
  • nh = onion but at the end
  • ng = sang
    • If un, on, or ông,
      • Close mouth at the end (sounds like m)
  • p = p
    • Close mouth at the end