IUPAC Nomenclature

IUPAC Abbreviation

Naming Noncyclic Molecules

$$\begin{array}{rl}\text{Let }C& =\text{alkyl prefix}\\ N& =\text{number of minor substituents}\\ M& =\text{number of major substituent}\\ m& =\text{prefix of major substituent}\\ n_i& =\text{number of }i\text{th substituents}\\ p_i& =\text{numeric prefix for }i\text{th substituent}\\ s_i& =\text{prefix for }i\text{th substituent}\\ c_i& =\text{carbon number for }i\text{th substituent}\\ S_i& =\text{stereochemistry for }i\text{th substituent if present}\end{array}$$ $$\text{Name}=(c_1{S}_1,\dots c_N{S}_N)-c_1,\dots c_{n_1}-p_1{s}_1-\dots -c_N,\dots c_{n_N}-p_N{s}_{N}C-c_{m_1},\dots c_{m_M}-p_{m}m$$

• $C$: Alkyl Prefixes

Example

The below molecule is named 3-ethylheptanol

CCCC(CC)CCCO

Steps

1. Name the longest carbon chain
   1.
2. . Number the chain
3. Name substituents
4. Assign a number to each substituent
5. Complete the name

Class	Prefix Name	Suffix Name
Carboxylic Acid	carboxy	-oic acid
Ester	alkoxycarbonyl	-oate
Amide	amido	-amide
Nitrile	cyano	-nitrile
Aldehyde	formyl (—CH=O)	-al
Ketone	oxo (=O)	-one
Alcohol	hydroxy	-ol
Thiol	mercapto-	-thiol
Amine	amino	-amine
Alkene	alkenyl	-ene
Alkyne	alkynyl	-yne
Alkane	alkyl	-ane
Ether	alkoxy	N/A
Alkyl Halide	halo	N/A